Carbon steel, a cornerstone of modern industry, is celebrated for its strength, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. Composed primarily of iron and carbon, with trace amounts of other elements, carbon steel embodies a balance of durability and malleability that makes it indispensable in numerous applications across various sectors. Carbon steel, a cornerstone of modern industry, is celebrated for its strength, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. Composed primarily of iron and carbon, with trace amounts of other elements, carbon steel embodies a balance of durability and malleability that makes it indispensable in numerous applications across various sectors.
Carbon steel, a cornerstone of modern industry, is celebrated for its strength, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. Composed primarily of iron and carbon, with trace amounts of other elements, carbon steel embodies a balance of durability and malleability that makes it indispensable in numerous applications across various sectors. One of the defining characteristics of carbon steel is its exceptional strength.
| AISI/SAE grade | EN steel number | EN steel name | DIN | BS | UNI | JIS |
| (USA) | (Europe) | (Europe) | (Germany) | (UK) | (Italy) | (Japan) |
| 1010 | 1.1141 | C15D | CK15 | 040A15 | C15 | S12C |
| 1018 | 1.0401 | C18D | C15 | 080M15 | C16 | S15 |
| 1.0453 | C16.8 | 080A15 | 1C15 | S15CK | ||
| EN3B | S15C | |||||
| 1045 | 1.0503 | C45 | C45 | 060A47 | C45 | S45C |
| 1.1191 | CK45 | 080A46 | 1C45 | S48C | ||
| 1.1193 | CF45 | 080M46 | C46 | |||
| 1.1194 | CQ45 | C43 | ||||
| 1140/1146 | 1.0726 | 35S20 | 35S20 | 212M40 | ||
| 1.0727 | 45S20 | 45S20 | En8M | |||
| 1215 | 1.0715 | 11SMn37 | 9SMn28 | 230M07 | CF9SMn28 | SUM 25 |
| 1.0736 | 9SMn36 | En1A | CF9SMn36 | SUM 22 | ||
| 12L14 | 1.0718 | 11SMnPb30 | 9SMnPb28 | 230M07 Leaded | CF9SMnPb29 | SUM 22 |
| 1.0737 | 11SMnPb37 | 9SMnPb36 | En1B Leaded | CF9SMnPb36 | SUM 23 | |
| SUM 24 | ||||||
| 1.1555 | C120U | C125W | BW1C | C120KU | SK2 |
Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service
| Gr. | C | Mn | P max |
S max |
Si |
| WPB (1 2 3 4 5) |
0.3 max |
0.29 1.06 |
0.050 | 0.058 | 0.1 min |
| WPC (2 3 4 5) |
0.35 max |
0.29 1.06 |
0.050 | 0.058 | 0.1 min |
| Composition, % | |||||
| Gr. | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | Others |
| WPB (1 2 3 4 5) |
0.4 max |
0.15 max |
0.4 max |
0.4 max |
V 0.08 max |
| WPC (2 3 4 5) |
0.4 max |
0.15 max |
0.4 max |
0.4 max |
V 0.08 max |
Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications
| Composition, % | |||||
| Elt | C | Mn | P | S | Si |
| 0.35 max |
0.6 1.05 |
0.035 max |
0.04 max |
0.1 0.35 |
|
| Composition, % | |||||
| Elt | Cu | Ni | Cr | Mo | V |
| 0.4 max (1) |
0.4 max (1) |
0.3 max (1-2) |
0.12 max (1-2) |
0.08 max |
|
| Mechanical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hardness, Brinell | 163 - 600 | 163 - 600 | Average value: 260 Grade Count:235 |
| Hardness, Knoop | 195 - 769 | 195 - 769 | Average value: 297 Grade Count:177 |
| Hardness, Rockwell B | 43 - 100 | 43 - 100 | Average value: 95.7 Grade Count:176 |
| Hardness, Rockwell C | 10 - 70 | 10 - 70 | Average value: 46.4 Grade Count:284 |
| Hardness, Vickers | 182 - 748 | 182 - 748 | Average value: 286 Grade Count:177 |
| Tensile Strength, Ultimate | 161 - 3200 MPa | 23300 - 464000 psi | Average value: 1120 MPa Grade Count:269 |
| Tensile Strength, Yield | 275 - 3340 MPa | 39900 - 484000 psi | Average value: 896 MPa Grade Count:253 |
| Elongation at Break | 0.50 - 30 % | 0.50 - 30 % | Average value: 14.3 % Grade Count:242 |
| Reduction of Area | 13.4 - 73 % | 13.4 - 73 % | Average value: 38.7 % Grade Count:107 |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 13.8 - 235 GPa | 2000 - 34100 ksi | Average value: 200 GPa Grade Count:338 |
| Flexural Yield Strength | 159 - 5130 MPa | 23000 - 744000 psi | Average value: 2260 MPa Grade Count:26 |
| Compressive Yield Strength | 1320 - 3100 MPa | 191000 - 450000 psi | Average value: 2160 MPa Grade Count:4 |
| Bulk Modulus | 160 GPa | 23200 ksi | Average value: 160 GPa Grade Count:188 |
| Poissons Ratio | 0.28 - 0.313 | 0.28 - 0.313 | Average value: 0.292 Grade Count:262 |
| Fracture Toughness | 13.2 - 165 MPa-m½ | 12.0 - 150 ksi-in½ | Average value: 60.1 MPa-m½ Grade Count:5 |
| Machinability | 10 - 125 % | 10 - 125 % | Average value: 53.0 % Grade Count:152 |
| Shear Modulus | 78.0 - 82.7 GPa | 11300 - 12000 ksi | Average value: 79.9 GPa Grade Count:264 |
| Izod Impact | 3.00 - 18.0 J | 2.21 - 13.3 ft-lb | Average value: 8.90 J Grade Count:64 |
| Izod Impact Unnotched | 10.8 - 229 J | 8.00 - 169 ft-lb | Average value: 53.5 J Grade Count:31 |
| Charpy Impact | 1.36 - 99.0 J | 1.00 - 73.0 ft-lb | Average value: 34.1 J Grade Count:21 |
| Charpy Impact, Unnotched | 2.71 - 86.0 J | 2.00 - 63.4 ft-lb | Average value: 19.2 J Grade Count:13 |
