High Nickel Alloys

High nickel alloys represent the pinnacle of engineering, harnessing the exceptional properties of nickel alongside other alloying elements to create materials with unmatched strength, corrosion resistance, and temperature stability. These alloys, often referred to as superalloys, are prized for their ability to withstand extreme environments encountered in aerospace, chemical processing, power generation, and other demanding industries. The hallmark of high nickel alloys is their outstanding resistance to corrosion and oxidation, even at elevated temperatures.

Nickel's inherent resistance to corrosion, when combined with elements such as chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten, forms a protective oxide layer that shields the material from degradation in aggressive environments. This corrosion resistance makes high nickel alloys indispensable in applications exposed to corrosive chemicals, seawater, and high-temperature gases. Furthermore, high nickel alloys exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, including high strength, toughness, and creep resistance.

Equivalent Grades of High Nickel Alloys

STANDARD	WERKSTOFF NR.	UNS	GOST	AFNOR	JIS	BS	EN
Nickel 200	2.4066	N02200	НП-2	N-100M	NW 2200	NA 11	Ni 99.2
Monel 400	2.4360	N04400	МНЖМц 28-2,5-1,5	NU-30M	NW 4400	NA 13	NiCu30Fe
Inconel 600	2.4816	N06600	МНЖМц 28-2,5-1,5	NC15FE11M	NCF 600	NA 13	NiCr15Fe
Incoloy 800	1.4876	N08800	ЭИ670	Z8NC32-21	NCF 800	NA 15	X10NiCrAlTi32-20
Hastelloy C22	2.4602	N06022	–	–	NW 6022	–	NiCr21Mo14W

chemical Composition of High Nickel Alloys

ASTM A234

Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service

Alloy name	UNS	% Ni	% Cr	% Fe	% Mo	% Cu	% Co	% Other
200	N02200	99 min
400	N04400	65	32
B-2	N10665	68		2	28
70-30	N06008	70	30
C-Grade	N06006	60	16	bal
600	N06600	76	16	8
601	N06601	60	23	bal				Al - 1.3
X-750	N07750	70	15	7				Ti - 2.5 Al - 0.7 Nb - 1.0
825	N08825	42	21	25	3	2
G-3	N06985	bal	22	20	7	2
800	N08800	32	21	45				W - 3.5
C-276	N10276	bal	15	5	16
C-22	N06022	bal	21	4	13
59	N06059	bal	23	1.5 max	16
C-2000	N06200	bal	23	3 max	16	1.6
686	N06686	bal	21	2 max	16			W - 3.7
617	N06617	44.5 min	22	3 max	9		12

ASTM A182

Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping Applications

Identification Symbol	UNS Designation	C	Mn	P	S	Si	Cr	Ni	Mo	Other Elements
F 1	K12822	0.28	0.6-0.9	0.045	0.045	0.15-0.35			0.44-0.65
F 2B	K12122	0.05-0.21	0.3-0.8	0.04	0.04	0.1-0.6	0.5-0.81		0.44-0.65
F 5C	K41545	0.15	0.3-0.6	0.03	0.03	0.5	4.0-6.0	0.5	0.44-0.65
F 5aC	K42544	0.25	0.6	0.04	0.03	0.5	4.0-6.0	0.5	0.44-0.65
F 9	K90941	0.15	0.3-0.6	0.03	0.03	0.5-1	8.0-10.0		0.9-1.1
F 10	S33100	0.1-0.2	0.5-0.8	0.04	0.03	1-1.4	7.0-9.0	19-22
F 91	K90901	0.08-0.12	0.3-0.6	0.02	0.01	0.2-0.5	8-9.5	0.4	0.85-1.05	N[0.03-0.07] Al [0.02D]
										Ti [0.01D]
										Cb [0.06-0.1] V [0.18-0.25] Zr [0.01D]
F 92	K92460	0.07-0.13	0.3-0.6	0.02	0.01	0.5	8.5-9.5	0.4	0.3-0.6	N[0.03-0.07] Al [0.02D]
										Ti [0.01D]
										Cb[0.04-0.09] B [0.001-0.006]
										W [1.5-2.0]
										V [0.15-0.25] Zr [0.01D]
F 122	K91271	0.07-0.14	0.7	0.02	0.01	0.5	10-11.5	0.5	0.25-0.6	N[0.04-0.1] Cu [0.3-1.7] Al [0.02D]
										Ti [0.01D]
										Cb [0.04-0.1] B [0.005]
										W [1.5-2.5]
										V [0.15-0.3] Zr [0.01D]
F 911	K91061	0.09-0.13	0.3-0.6	0.02	0.01	0.1-0.5	8.5-9.5	0.4	0.9-1.1	N[0.04-0.09] Al [0.02D]
										Ti [0.01D]
										Cb [0.06-0.1] B [0.0003-0.006]
										W [0.9-1.1]
										V [0.18-0.25] Zr [0.01D]
F 11	K11597	0.05-0.15	0.3-0.6	0.03	0.03	0.5-1.0	1-1.5		0.44-0.65
Class 1
F 11	K11572	0.1-0.2	0.3-0.8	0.04	0.04	0.5-1.0	1-1.5		0.44-0.65
Class 2
F 11	K11572	0.1-0.2	0.3-0.8	0.04	0.04	0.5-1.0	1-1.5		0.44-0.65
Class 3
F 12	K11562	0.05-0.15	0.3-0.6	0.045	0.045	0.5 max	0.8-1.25		0.44-0.65
Class 1
F 12	K11564	0.1-0.2	0.3-0.8	0.04	0.04	0.1-0.6	0.8-1.25		0.44-0.65
Class 2
F 21	K31545	0.05-0.15	0.3-0.6	0.04	0.04	0.5 max	2.7-3.3		0.8-1.06
F 3V	K31830	0.05-0.18	0.3-0.6	0.02	0.02	0.1	2.8-3.2		0.9-1.1	Ti [0.015-0.035]
										B [0.001-0.003]
										V [0.2-0.3]
F 3VCb	K31390	0.1-0.15	0.3-0.6	0.02	0.01	0.1	2.7-3.3	0.25	0.9-1.1	Cu [0.25]
										Ti [0.015]
										Cb [0.015-0.07]
										V [0.2-0.3]
										Ca [0.0005–0.0150]
F 22	K21590	0.05-0.15	0.3-0.6	0.04	0.04	0.5	2.0-2.5		0.87-1.13
Class 1
F 22	K21590	0.05-0.15	0.3-0.6	0.04	0.04	0.5	2.0-2.5		0.87-1.13
Class 3
F 22V	K31835	0.11-0.15	0.3-0.6	0.015	0.01	0.1	2.0-2.5	0.25	0.9-1.1	Cu [0.2]
										Ti [0.03]
										Cb [0.07]
										B [0.002]
										V [0.25-0.35] Ca [0.015E]
F 23	K41650	0.04-0.1	0.1-0.6	0.03	0.01	0.5	1.9-2.6	0.4	0.05-0.3	N[0.015F]
										Al [0.03]
										Ti [0.005-0.06F]
										Cb [0.02-0.08]
										B [0.001-0.006]
										W [1.45-1.75] V [0.2-0.3]
F 24	K30736	0.05-0.1	0.3-0.7	0.02	0.01	0.15-0.45	2.2-2.6		0.9-1.1	N[0.12]
										Al [0.02]
										Ti [0.06-0.1] B [0.0015-0.007]
										V [0.2-0.3]
FR	K22035	0.2	0.4-1.06	0.045	0.05			1.6-2.24		Cu [0.75-1.25]
F 36	K21001	0.1-0.17	0.8-1.2	0.03	0.025	0.25-0.5	0.3	1-1.3	0.25-0.5	N[0.02]
										Cu [0.5-0.8]
										Al [0.05]
										V [0.02]

Mechanical Properties of High Nickel Alloys

Grade	Density	Melting Point	Tensile Strength	Yield Strength (0.2%Offset)	Elongation
Alloy 200	8.9 g/cm3	1446 °C (2635 °F)	Psi – 67000 , MPa – 462	Psi – 21500 , MPa – 148	45 %
Alloy 400	8.8 g/cm3	1350 °C (2460 °F)	Psi – 80000 , MPa – 550	Psi – 35000 , MPa – 240	40 %
Alloy 600	8.47 g/cm3	1413 °C (2580 °F)	Psi – 95,000 , MPa – 655	Psi – 45,000 , MPa – 310	40 %
Alloy 800	7.94 g/cm3	1385 °C (2525 °F)	Psi – 75,000 , MPa – 520	Psi – 30,000 , MPa – 205	30 %
Alloy C22	8.69 g/cm3	1399 °C (2550 °F)	Psi – 1,00,000 , MPa – 690	Psi – 45000 , MPa – 310	45 %

INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS